wave
Oscillation caused by a disturbance; as it propagates through a medium (mechanical waves) or a vacuum (electromagnetic waves), it carries energy.
mean position 
Horizontal line around which the wave oscillates, carrying energy.
wavelength 
Distance between two consecutive crests or troughs; it corresponds to the distance traveled by the wave over time (its period).
displacement 
Gap in relation to the mean position.
crest 
Highest point of the wave.
trough 
Lowest point of the wave.
amplitude 
Maximum displacement of a wave in relation to its mean position; it corresponds to the amount of energy transmitted.
propagation 
Motion of a wave leaving its source.