cross section of a space launcher (Ariane V) [1]

In service since 1996, this European launcher transports heavy payloads, including the most powerful communications satellites.

rocket engine

Ensures launcher propulsion by means of liquid hydrogen combustion in contact with liquid oxygen.

solid booster stage

Provides the main thrust during takeoff before separating from the main cryogenic stage.

main cryogenic stage

Central body that ensures propulsion after the solid booster stage separates.

lower section

Composed of the main cryogenic stage and the solid booster stage.

fairing

The tip of the launcher that houses and protects the payload.

upper section

Composed of the storable propellant upper stage and the payload.

nozzle

The end portion of a rocket from which combustion gases escape, thereby creating the thrust needed to propel the craft.

payload

Space probe or satellite carried by the launcher.